Encyclopedia of imaging and clinical diagnosis.
Structured, referenced entries on 21 conditions, signs and techniques — each linked to real cases you can scroll through.
A
C
Cardiothoracic ratio
CTR, Cardiac size on chest radiograph
The maximum horizontal width of the heart divided by the maximum internal width of the thorax on a PA chest radiograph.
Chest radiograph: systematic review
CXR review, ABCDE chest film
A structured way to read every chest radiograph, from technical quality to review areas, so that subtle findings are not missed.
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones, Gallbladder calculi
Stones within the gallbladder: very common, usually asymptomatic, and best shown by ultrasound.
Croup
Laryngotracheobronchitis, Steeple sign
A viral infection of the upper airway in young children causing subglottic narrowing, a barking cough and stridor.
D
E
I
L
N
P
Pleural effusion
Hydrothorax, Fluid in the pleural space
An abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space, from transudative causes such as heart failure or exudative causes such as infection and malignancy.
Pneumoperitoneum
Free intraperitoneal gas, Free air
Gas within the peritoneal cavity, most often from a perforated hollow viscus, and a surgical emergency unless explained by recent surgery.
Pneumothorax
Collapsed lung, PTX
Air in the pleural space, separating the visceral and parietal pleura and allowing the lung to collapse away from the chest wall.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary oedema, Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Heart failure on chest radiograph
Fluid in the lung interstitium and alveoli, most often from raised left heart pressures, with a recognisable sequence of chest radiograph signs.
Pulmonary embolism
PE, Pulmonary thromboembolism
Obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by thrombus, usually from the deep veins of the legs, diagnosed with CT pulmonary angiography.
S
Sigmoid volvulus
Colonic volvulus, Coffee bean sign
Twisting of a redundant sigmoid colon around its mesentery, causing a closed-loop large bowel obstruction.
Silhouette sign
Loss of silhouette
Loss of a normal border between soft tissue and air when an adjacent structure fills with fluid or tissue, used to localise chest disease.
Small bowel obstruction
SBO, Mechanical small bowel obstruction
Mechanical blockage of the small intestine, most often from adhesions or hernias, producing dilated fluid-filled loops proximal to a transition point.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
SAH, Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, most often from trauma or, in spontaneous cases, a ruptured intracranial aneurysm.