Case 1007

Acute appendicitisWhat is the diagnosis?

Case image 1 CT 1 / 2

Axial contrast-enhanced CT of the pelvis; the calliper measures the appendix (17.1 mm).

Image: James Heilman, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0 — source

Answer hidden. Review the images and history, decide on your diagnosis, then reveal.

Findings

  • Dilated appendix measuring about 17 mm (normal under 6 mm)
  • Thickened, enhancing wall with surrounding fat stranding
  • Ultrasound shows a thick-walled, tubular, non-compressible appendix

Case discussion

An appendix over 6 mm with wall thickening and periappendiceal inflammation is diagnostic of acute appendicitis in the right clinical setting.

Ultrasound is first-line in children and pregnancy; CT is preferred in most adults when the diagnosis is uncertain. Look for complications — perforation, abscess and extraluminal gas — that change management.

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